All South American countries below replacement except French Guyana

As of September 2025, all countries in South America are reported to be below replacement level fertility, with the exception of French Guiana, a territory of France. Among the three countries closest to replacement fertility rates, Bolivia and Venezuela are experiencing significant emigration waves that are contributing to population decline.

This demographic trend highlights the challenges faced by South American nations in maintaining population levels, as emigration continues to impact the stability of these countries. The situation in Bolivia and Venezuela is particularly concerning, as both nations grapple with the effects of large-scale emigration.

For further context on related issues, recent developments in immigration policies may provide additional insights into the broader implications of population changes in the region.